This is not true for boys who generally only want to lose weight when they are substantially overweight. Even in the lowest percentiles of BMI, there are girls who want to be thinner. Another variation is the distribution of dissatisfaction across the BMI levels. However, this quadratic relationship has not always been statistically significant or tested directly. Thus, the relationship between BMI and body dissatisfaction for boys may be best expressed as U-shaped: under- and overweight boys are expected to be most dissatisfied with their bodies, albeit for different reasons. Boys who are underweight also express body dissatisfaction. There are variations to this theme, however. For both adolescent girls and boys, higher BMI is associated with greater body dissatisfaction. One of the most robust findings in the research is the nearly consistent positive relationship between BMI and body dissatisfaction. Not surprisingly, BMI, or weight to height ratio, is correlated with many forms of body image. Smolak, in Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 2011 BMI In this meta-analysis, the BMI and fracture risk relationship was independent of age and gender, however, the relationship is, at least in part, dependent on BMD.

A meta-analysis of almost 60,000 women and men from 12 cohorts was used to quantify this relationship and it was found that the contribution of BMI to fracture risk was more marked at low values of BMI such that BMI of 20 kg/m 2 versus 25 kg/m 2 was associated with a nearly two-fold increase in risk (relative risk (RR) 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71 to 2.22) as compared to a 17% reduction in risk when BMI of 30 was compared to a BMI of 25. Low BMI is a consistent risk factor for future fracture although the strength of this association is unclear. Two prospective cohort studies, the Framingham cohort and the Rancho Bernardo population showed that both body weight and BMI explained a substantial proportion of the variance in BMD at various skeletal sites, and this relationship was stronger at weight-bearing sites. A BMI of about 30 kg/m 2 is associated with a 4% to 8% greater spine BMD, 8% to 9% greater hip BMD, and 25% greater radial BMD compared to a BMI of 20 kg/m 2 furthermore, a BMI of 30 kg/m 2 is associated with one-half the loss in spine BMD in early postmenopausal years than a BMI of 20 kg/m 2. A BMI greater than 26 to 28 kg/m 2 offers protection against fracture, whereas a slender figure of less than 22 to 24 kg/m 2 increases fracture risk. Nieves, in Osteoporosis (Fourth Edition), 2013 Body Mass IndexĪlthough no ideal weight-to-height ratio has been set for reducing osteoporosis and fracture risk, a higher BMI appears to confer protection.

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